Sizing a rooftop system
20 kWh a day at 4.5 sun hours with 400W panels needs about 12 panels - roughly a 4.4 kW system.
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Browse all specialized calculatorsA solar panel calculator estimates how many panels, and what system size, you need to cover a given daily energy use - a first, honest sizing before you talk to an installer. It works from your daily kilowatt-hours, the peak sun hours your location gets, and the wattage of the panels you are considering. Enter those three and the panel count and system size appear instantly, with a clear note that real output always falls short of the ideal. Sizing a solar array starts with a sum this simple, and it is worth doing before an installer's quote so you can judge whether their proposal is reasonable. The logic is: your daily energy use divided by the peak sun hours your location averages gives the system size, and dividing that by a panel's wattage gives the number of panels. The catch, which the tool states plainly, is that this is an ideal. Real arrays lose output to cloud, shading, dust, heat, panel angle and inverter inefficiency, easily twenty per cent or more, so the honest move is to size up from this figure rather than treat it as a target. Going off-grid adds batteries, sized separately for the days the sun does not cooperate.
20 kWh a day at 4.5 sun hours with 400W panels needs about 12 panels - roughly a 4.4 kW system.
Get a rough panel count before quotes so you can sanity-check what installers propose.
Divide daily use by sun hours to get system size, then by panel wattage. The tool does it and flags that real output is lower.
Because weather, shading, heat and losses cut real output well below the ideal. Size up from this estimate.
Estimate battery backup time from watt-hour capacity, load and inverter efficiency. Compare runtime while accounting for losses and real-world battery limits.
Estimate electricity costs from appliance power, daily usage and your energy rate. Compare running costs without uploading household consumption data.
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