Why can I view AVIF but not edit it?
Browsers added AVIF decoding early because it saves bandwidth on web pages. Desktop applications update on much slower cycles, and many still have no AVIF support at all.
Will the file get bigger?
Almost certainly, and often by a large margin. AVIF's compression is the reason websites use it; JPEG cannot match it. You are trading size for compatibility.
Can I convert a JPG back to AVIF here?
No. Browsers can decode AVIF but cannot encode it, so no in-browser tool can produce one without downloading a large encoder. That is a genuine limit, not an omission.
What happens to a transparent background?
It is filled with white, because JPEG has no alpha channel. Use the AVIF to PNG converter if the transparency matters.